专利案件中的“管辖权乒乓”
在即将发表的一篇论文中,副教授Paul Gugliuzza提供了一个更简单的规则来确定哪个法院应该受理一个案件。
When 波士顿大学法学院 Associate Professor Paul R. Gugliuzza saw a February ruling from the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in a long-running patent lawsuit involving the issue of exclusive jurisdiction—what the US Supreme Court has called “管辖权的乒乓球”—he knew he had to write about the decision, which was emblematic of the complications that can arise under existing statutes and precedent.
事实上,短语“arise under”是问题的一部分。 根据适用的法律,联邦地区法院对“因国会有关专利的任何法案而引起的”任何案件具有原始管辖权,而美国联邦巡回上诉法院对任何此类案件的上诉具有专属管辖权。 但是,弄清楚“arise under”的确切含义多年来一直困扰着法官。 The issue reached a boiling point when the Fifth Circuit, ruling in Xitronix诉KLA-Tencor, refused to accept a case from the Federal Circuit, writing that it was “implausible that we are the proper court to decide this appeal.”
“这基本上是一个民事诉讼考试的假设,”Gugliuzza笑着说,他为学生的考试设计了类似的场景。
Now, Gugliuzza, who worked on patent appeals when he was in practice at Jones Day, is tackling the issue for scholars and practitioners in “专利案件中“因管辖权而产生”的困惑日益增多,” an article forthcoming in the 埃默里法律杂志. 他不仅描述了问题; 他还提出了一个可能的解决方案。
一些专利法索赔——侵权或无效——很明显是在专利法下产生的。 但专利法往往与潜在的州法律索赔(如法律渎职或违反合同)无关。
联邦地区法院和联邦巡回法院应该审理哪些专利案件的问题已经成为法官和诉讼当事人都非常关心的问题。 专利案件是出了名的昂贵和耗时,并且在诉讼期间的任何时候都可以提出主题管辖权的问题。 In Xitronix, the parties are on their third appeal without a decision on the merits.
Gugliuzza说:“在案件一开始就确定案件的管辖权是非常重要的。” “在审判或上诉后驳回案件会浪费数年时间和数百万美元。”
最终,这些成本会影响创新。
Gugliuzza说:“如果诉讼成本太高,那就意味着很难执行专利,这可能会让你从一开始就不愿意申请专利,而这又会阻碍创新。”
Gugliuzza是民事诉讼和联邦法院方面的专家,专注于专利诉讼,多年来一直在澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究排他性管辖权问题。 In 2013, he wrote “作为联邦法院的联邦巡回法院,” which explored the Federal Circuit’s role in shaping patent-law doctrine. “专利法联邦制,” published in 2014, looked at whether the Federal Circuit is living up to its ascribed role of providing uniformity and expertise in patent matters. In its Xitronix ruling, the Fifth Circuit cited “专利法联邦制,” explaining in the accompanying footnote that, although it felt it had to send the case back to the Federal Circuit to preserve uniformity in patent law, not everyone agrees that the Federal Circuit provides such uniformity.
在他的最新论文中,Gugliuzza提出了两个论点。 他说,在一个理想的世界里,联邦对专利索赔的管辖权将会缩小,以确保州法院能够在重要的与专利无关的法律上发挥作用。 然而,Gugliuzza认为,一旦与专利相关的索赔被提交到联邦法院,联邦巡回法院审理任何上诉都是有意义的,这样它就可以运用其特殊的专业知识。
在理想世界出现之前,他提出了一个更清晰的测试,说明联邦地区法院和联邦巡回法院何时应该发挥主导作用。
他在论文中写道:“对于一个不涉及专利侵权索赔的案件,但根据专利法产生,它必须提出澳门威尼斯人注册联邦专利法内容的争议,或者澳门威尼斯人注册联邦专利法解释或有效性的问题。”
Gugliuzza bases his argument in part on a 2013 US Supreme Court ruling, 冈恩诉明顿案, which held that the application of federal patent law is not enough to trigger exclusive jurisdiction in the federal courts. In that case, Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., comparing the state of case law on the topic to a painter’s canvas, wrote that “the canvas looks like one that Jackson Pollock got to first;” in his paper, Gugliuzza pitches his solution as “more like a Mark Rothko” (the artist was 以画简单多彩的矩形而闻名).
Gugliuzza说,他希望他的文章能对从业者和法官有所帮助。
“在我的学术澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究中,我试图引入有用的见解——将学术分析与实际回报相结合,”他说。 “我喜欢教法律。 显然,很多教学都是在课堂上进行的。 但我认为,作为学者,我们也可以做很多教学工作。”
丽贝卡·拜尔报道
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