詹姆斯·e·弗莱明发表保罗·j·利亚科斯演讲
在他的第一次利亚科斯讲座中,弗莱明教授考察了LGBT权利运动中具有里程碑意义的案例之后的保守派宪法分析。
On a Monday in April, 波士顿大学法学院’s Hon. Paul J. Liacos Professor of Law 詹姆斯·弗莱明 delivered the Paul J. Liacos讲座. The professorship was established to honor Chief Justice Paul J. Liacos, who taught at BU Law for more than twenty years and authored many scholarly works, including the 马萨诸塞州证据手册. 该奖项旨在表彰对法学院和法律澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究做出杰出贡献的澳门威尼斯人注册网站。
弗莱明是美国宪法和侵权法教授,也是几本澳门威尼斯人注册宪法的书的作者,他在利亚科斯的第一次演讲中,在LGBT权利运动中具有里程碑意义的案例之后,将批判的目光转向保守的宪法分析。
Fleming focused primarily on the discourse following the Supreme Court’s decision in the landmark LGBT rights case, 劳伦斯诉德克萨斯州案. 具体来说,他把注意力转向了大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚(Antonin Scalia)对此案结果的批评,他认为这是“所有道德立法的终结”。
在美国宪法中,一些人认为,承认LGBT的权利会使法院陷入承认一些道德上可疑的性行为的危险境地。 弗莱明质疑“斯卡利亚法官是否正确,同性亲密行为合法化与成年人乱伦、重婚、卖淫、兽交、一夫多妻等合法化之间没有区别?” 他断言,答案是否定的。 In addressing Scalia’s reasoning, Fleming drew significant distinctions between same-sex intimate associations and other acts, and organized his lecture to make observations about slippery slope arguments in general while examining the dissenting opinions of Justice Antonin Scalia in 劳伦斯诉德克萨斯州案 and Chief Justice John Roberts in 奥贝格费尔诉霍奇斯案.
大法官斯卡利亚的观点 劳伦斯
Fleming argued against Justice Scalia’s assertions that recognizing the right to same-sex intimate association would lead to the end of all moral legislation, noting that Justice Kennedy articulated clear limits in the 劳伦斯 opinion. 该案件不涉及未成年人,也不涉及可能受伤或被胁迫的人,也不涉及卖淫问题。
Offering tools for gaining traction when beginning the slide down 这 slippery slope presented in 劳伦斯, Fleming challenged the audience to consider whether Justice Kennedy was presupposing every person has a liberty to do whatever immoral things they wish, or if he was presupposing that the already existing right to privacy and intimate association extends to the LGBT community. 法院是否认为个人有权在不考虑道德的情况下决定与谁或什么人结婚? 还是法院认为证明这种权利延伸的正当性支持了对亲密、承诺和忠诚的道德追求?
He pointed to the political and social context of the 劳伦斯 decision to complete his point. 他指出,法院通常不是领导,而是跟随。 社会运动和民主进程使法院巩固了新的推理和新权利与以前承认的实质性权利的类比。 Here, he argued, the 劳伦斯 court made a decision in light of decades of political activism on the part of the LGBT rights movement. 然而,同样的社会和政治变革之风并不存在,例如在兽交或乱伦的背景下。
首席大法官罗伯茨的观点 Obergefell
In his dissenting opinion to 奥贝格费尔诉霍奇斯案, Chief Justice Roberts asserted that the leap from opposite-sex marriage to same-sex marriage is much greater than the leap from one-partner unions to multiple-partner unions. 他认为,传统是正当程序分析的基础,而同性婚姻并没有深深植根于国家或全球文化的传统中,而一夫多妻制在世界上许多文化中都得到了认可。 That reasoning falls flat, Fleming contended, given Roberts’ judicial history of advocating that what truly matters for purposes of Constitutional analysis is 这 nation’s history and traditions, which do not include any legal recognition of plural unions.
弗莱明强调,宪法改革是通过对宪法普通法的解释以及涉及当代共识的社会运动来进行的。 Since none of the preconditions for Constitutional change are in place for recognizing the right to plural marriage, Roberts’ suggestions regarding the slippery slope presented by Obergefell are unsubstantiated.
弗莱明指出,这类争论是美国特有的现象,在美国比在其他国家更为普遍和极端。 他指出,人们普遍不信任政府,认为政府是必要的邪恶力量,而不是行善的力量,这些因素使美国如此容易受到这种推理的影响。 现代社会的道德变化,以及思想的多样性和对道德和宪法问题的深刻分歧,也助长了一个欢迎滑坡论点的环境。 弗莱明认为,这些因素很容易让反对变革的人“对变革可能把我们带向何方感到恐惧”。
由Christian Saucedo(' 18)报道。