This series is guest-edited by Mary Elizabeth Hartnett, M.D. (Professor of Ophthalmology and Director of Pediatric Retina at the Moran Eye Center of the University of Utah) and Antonio Capone Jr., M.D. (Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, Michigan). It features thirteen articles authored by vision scientists prominent in the field of ROP. The topics range from basic mechanisms of the disease, signaling pathways, various animal models, to clinical manifestation, screening, and current treatments in the US and abroad. It also presents novel approaches in the prevention and management of the disease. It will be a valuable resource for clinicians and basic scientists interested in ROP and related diseases.