Wheezing in Preschool Children: From Origins to Outcomes

Wheezing is very common in children under 6 years. Beyond allergens and irritants, respiratory infections are the main triggers of wheezing, as demonstrated by the significant reduction of wheezing exacerbations during the COVID-19 pandemic in which the circulation of common respiratory viruses was significantly reduced. The purpose of this Article Collection is to outline and discuss: a) the recent advances on phenotypes and endotypes of preschool wheezing; b) the role of virus and bacteria in its pathogenesis; c) the management not only of the acute attack but also of daily symptoms with particular attention to support caregivers and their needs; d) the feasibility of lung function tests and other assessments to identify wheezing characteristics; and e) the need and the timing for specialist referral and invasive investigations.